There is no single natural resource on which the world depends more than freshwater. Unfortunately, climate change, depletion of resources, population growth, unequal distribution, and inefficient use all mean that freshwater is rapidly becoming a scarce resource, aptly named the “Blue...

International commercial arbitration (ICA) is increasingly viewed as an autonomous legal order, distinct from any specific national legal system. Building on this conception of ICA, this paper assigns a new "commercial peacemaking" role to it, concerned with the resolution of commercial disputes...

International Water Law has developed a set of rules for resolving interstate fresh water disputes that govern both the substance of these disputes and the conduct of the disputing states. “Equitable and reasonable utilization” is commonly considered as the leading substantive rule, “no...

This entry addresses the Optional Rules for Arbitration of Disputes Relating to the Environment and/or Natural Resources adopted by the Permanent Court of Arbitration in 2001. The Rules were aimed at addressing procedural deficiencies identified in dispute resolution arrangements under existing...

Predictions that interstate fresh water disputes will increase in the future have led to a vast body of research on tools and techniques to manage shared freshwater resources so as to prevent such disputes from arising, however relatively little attention has been paid to the need for effective...

This article argues that while a mutually beneficial relationship can be cultivated between international investment arbitration and anti-corruption policies, the recent emergence of a state-invoked 'corruption defense' as a complete defense to liability for alleged breach of investment...

This article analyzes the restrictive approach adopted by investor-State arbitration tribunals to human rights arguments raised by host States, as exemplified in the case of the human right to water, and examines the potential implications of this approach for the international human rights...