The procyclicality hypothesis predicts that after a stock market downturn, regulatory initiatives and therefore investor protections increase. Unlike the relevant literature which focuses on new legislation, we focus on the enforcement of securities law. Our work is consistent with the idea of...

Climate change has come to be seen as a major global environmental challenge. This paper examines the extent to which WTO rules constrain countries` ability to address climate change through domestic regulatory policies such as standards, labels, voluntary agreements and domestic emissions...

Governments are increasingly using taxes to address a variety of environmental concerns. WTO rules recognize that, like regulatory instruments, governments may use taxes for protectionist purposes. The rules are designed to prevent protectionist behaviour while allowing use of such instruments...