In a “perfect” market, Miller and Modigliani's celebrated dividend irrelevance argument holds, whereby a dividend payment or omission is identical in impact to changes in a firm's share structure. Consequently, the dividend payment itself is irrelevant to valuation; what matters is the...

The rise of FDI from emerging markets has become a focus of attention since the turn of the century. Over the past few years, firms from these markets have become major investors abroad, complementing their home countries‘ traditional role as recipients of FDI. To help understand this...

Black-odor water not only completely loses the function, but also seriously affects the environment landscape and human health. Aiming at the problems of high cost and low activity of catalysts for black-odor waters treatment by catalytic ozonation technology, this paper fabricated a stable...

When labor incomes approach subsistence levels, the labor supply curve slopes outward, because the fight for survival mandates households to look for longer work hours in response to falling wage rates. We explore conditions under which near-subsistence scenarios may imply wage traps, labor...