We study the impact on a country’s economy of sharing a direct land border with a country experiencing conflict. Through analysing sixty-three major episodes of regional instability during the period between 1990 and 2016 by using panel data methods applied to unrestricted error correction...

We examine the interactions between cryptocurrency price volatility and liquidity during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Evidence suggests that these developing digital products have played a new role as a potential safe-haven during periods of substantial financial market panic. Results...

Controlling for the polarity and subjectivity of social media data based on the development of the COVID-19 outbreak, we analyse the relationships between the largest cryptocurrencies and such time-varying realisation as to the scale of the economic shock centralised within the...

At the beginning of the 2020 global COVID-2019 pandemic, Chinese financial markets acted as the epicentre of both physical and financial contagion. Our results indicate that a number of characteristics expected during a "flight to safety" were present during the period analysed. The volatility...

Gold is traded worldwide, mainly in London, New York, Tokyo and Shanghai. We apply the recently developed spillover index approach of Diebold and Yilmaz (2009) to investigate the degree to which these markets are integrated, and which are net senders or recipients of information. The evidence...