This paper examines the interacting effect of global shipping and trade on climate change in Africa using data on 31 countries for the period 2006-2016. We employ the system generalized method of moments estimation technique for our analysis. The results reveal that, in both the short run and...

Purpose - This paper investigates whether financial sector development promotes economic globalization (EG) using data from 45 African countries. Design/methodology/approach - Using panel data of the selected African countries, the two-step system generalized method of moments estimation...

This paper investigates the impact of trade openness on economic growth and development for a sample of 85 middle-income countries over the period 1970-2009. The paper employs non-stationary heterogeneous panel cointegration techniques that take into consideration the impact of cross-section...