This paper examines and compares financial market reaction and recovery of four broad classes of financial assets – equity indexes, precious metals, 10-year benchmark bonds and cryptocurrencies, to the COVID-19 pandemic. Using the Yang and Zhao (2020) quantile unit-root tests for return...

Using a sample of 166 banks from 8 European countries over the period 2001-2017, we investigate the moderating effects of societal patriarchy over bank income smoothing (IS), amid policy uncertainty (PU). Results indicate that banks operating in highly patriarchal societies curtail use of loan...

During times of market turmoil, investors often seek to mitigate the risk associated with traditional investment assets such as equities and debt. The hedging, safe-haven and downside risk reduction properties of gold are examined in this paper for investors with short- and long-run horizons....