Despite accelerating energy transition efforts, the world is well on track to overshoot the warming targets of the Paris Agreement. This could potentially lead to cascading and irreversible climate impacts. Geoengineering is increasingly floated as one of the solutions that could forestall the...

Despite accelerating energy transition efforts, the world is well on track to overshoot the warming targets of the Paris Agreement. This could potentially lead to cascading and irreversible climate impacts. Geoengineering is increasingly floated as one of the solutions that could forestall the...

Contestation dynamics have intensified in recent years, to the point they are now driving global politics. This shift is not only due to Russia's invasion of Ukraine and the resurgence of violent territorial conflicts worldwide, but also to the escalating rivalry between the United States and...

Following the Council Conclusions on Cyber Diplomacy adopted in February 2015, the decision by the EU Ministers of Foreign Affairs to endorse the development of a framework for a joint EU diplomatic response to malicious cyber activities - the so-called Cyber Diplomacy Toolbox (CDT) - represents...

A criminal past is a common, yet often overlooked, characteristic of many European jihadists. This Brief examines the link between petty crime and terrorism, as well as the ways in which criminal experiences shape terrorist actions.

In a marked shift from previous policies, many advanced economies are creating labour market integration initiatives for refugees. This Brief argues that although this might seem a shortcut to a more progressive strategy, it risks undermining the integrity of refugee policy and repeating the...

Despite numerous declarations about the need for stability in cyberspace, the evidence shows that governments are both able and willing to undertake malicious cyber activities for political, economic or security gains, including through attacks on infrastructure, cyber-espionage or intellectual...

Although it is not the first time that Europe has experienced terrorism, for many Europeans, the phenomenon appears to be the most dangerous form of political violence today. So what is old and what new about today's terrorism?

Upon taking office, President Trump signed an executive order formally ordering the withdrawal of the US from the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). This Brief examines the implications of Trump's protectionist trade policies: the opportunities for third countries, as well the potential of...

The recent decisions by Burundi, the Gambia and South Africa to withdraw from the International Criminal Court (ICC) have prompted worries that more countries may leave the Hague-based tribunal which investigates war crimes, genocide and crimes against humanity. But while it is clear that the...