Following the Council Conclusions on Cyber Diplomacy adopted in February 2015, the decision by the EU Ministers of Foreign Affairs to endorse the development of a framework for a joint EU diplomatic response to malicious cyber activities - the so-called Cyber Diplomacy Toolbox (CDT) - represents...

A criminal past is a common, yet often overlooked, characteristic of many European jihadists. This Brief examines the link between petty crime and terrorism, as well as the ways in which criminal experiences shape terrorist actions.

In a marked shift from previous policies, many advanced economies are creating labour market integration initiatives for refugees. This Brief argues that although this might seem a shortcut to a more progressive strategy, it risks undermining the integrity of refugee policy and repeating the...

Despite numerous declarations about the need for stability in cyberspace, the evidence shows that governments are both able and willing to undertake malicious cyber activities for political, economic or security gains, including through attacks on infrastructure, cyber-espionage or intellectual...

Although it is not the first time that Europe has experienced terrorism, for many Europeans, the phenomenon appears to be the most dangerous form of political violence today. So what is old and what new about today's terrorism?

Upon taking office, President Trump signed an executive order formally ordering the withdrawal of the US from the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). This Brief examines the implications of Trump's protectionist trade policies: the opportunities for third countries, as well the potential of...

The recent decisions by Burundi, the Gambia and South Africa to withdraw from the International Criminal Court (ICC) have prompted worries that more countries may leave the Hague-based tribunal which investigates war crimes, genocide and crimes against humanity. But while it is clear that the...

During the process of strategic reflection which led to the publication of the EU Global Strategy (EUGS), a broad consensus rapidly consolidated around the need for a specific follow-up initiative on European security and defence. Events since June 2016, when the High...

Migrant groups are influential actors in the international arena. Globally, diaspora communities and governments alike are capitalising on this state of affairs, as demonstrated by the fact that diaspora lobbying is on the rise and governments are seeking to instrumentalise their expatriates....

During the process of strategic reflection which led to the publication of the EU Global Strategy (EUGS), a broad consensus rapidly consolidated around the need for a specific follow-up initiative on European security and defence. Events since June 2016, when the High...