We examine the effects of incorporating a potential tax on carbon emissions into a value investment strategy. We show that in a portfolio optimization problem, a carbon tax at the stock level is mathematically equivalent to a carbon constraint at the portfolio level. Using this insight we derive...

The objective of the paper is to examine value creation in private higher education. The results of the research are to be applied in reasonable structuring of study programs and courses and for creating profitable business and marketing strategies for private universities. From a student...