This paper investigates whether ETF returns lead the returns of underlying bonds and similar style bond funds. Bond … predicted, we find that ETF returns predict its own NAV returns and aggregated ETF returns for each bond also predict the … underlying bond returns on a monthly basis. We show that bond liquidity is the determining factor of the predictability and the …

Expectations of risky bond payments are unobservable and recovery rates for sovereigns are hard to estimate because …