Vélez-Pareja and Tham, 2003a, Vélez-Pareja and Tham, 2003b and Tham and Vélez-Pareja, 2004 showed the matching between discounted cash flow (DCF) methods and value added methods. They departed from the net operating profit less adjusted taxes NOPLAT and net income when using market values to...

This is a case for teaching. This case shows through several examples that the Net Present Value for project evaluation should be calculated based on estimates at current prices. It has been a widespread practice to evaluate projects at constant prices with a great deal of -today- unnecessary...

In this teaching note we show that using the findings of Tham and Velez-Pareja 2002, for finite cash flows, Ke and hence WACC depend on the discount rate that is used to value the tax shield, TS and as expected, Ke and WACC are not constant with Kd as the discount rate for the tax shield, even...

In “Consistency in Chocolate: A Fresh Look at Copeland’s Hershey Foods & Co Case” we showed the inconsistencies regarding the assumption of constant leverage and the inconsistency in the values for equity calculated with different approaches. In this second part we show the differences in...

We discuss some ideas useful when forecasting financial statements that are based on historical data.The chapter is organized as follows: First we discuss the relevance of prospective analysis for non traded firms. In a second section we a basic reviews of subjects that will be needed for...

It is widely known that if the leverage is constant over time, then the cost of equity and the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) for the free cash flow, FCF, is constant over time. In other words, it is inappropriate to use a constant WACCFCF to discount the free cash flow (FCF) if the...

A typical approach for valuing finite cash flows is to assume that leverage is constant (usually as target leverage) and the cost of equity, Ke and the Weighted Average Cost of Capital, WACC are also assumed to be constant. For cash flows in perpetuity, and with the cost of debt, Kd as the...

In the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) applied to the free cash flow (FCF), we assume that the cost of debt is the market, unsubsidized rate. With debt at the market rate and perfect capital markets, debt only creates value in the presence of taxes through the tax shield. In some cases,...

I present a set of conditions for defining risky debt associated to cash flow and not to accounting earnings. I explain why realization of tax shields for finite cash flows in any period of time t are correlated to Earnings before Interest and Taxes and are not correlated to interest expenses at...

In this work we show a simplified financial planning model. In reality, financial planning models are huge and cumbersome. This is a very simplified model compared with what is found in practice.We present some basic principles for constructing the financial statements needed for valuation. We...