International environmental agreements have been and are negotiated to facilitate mitigation efforts on climate change. To avoid severe impacts, global cooperation is required as the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions represents a global public good. However, free-riding incentives impede the...

The 21st Conference of the Parties (CoP21) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) shifted the nature of the political economy challenge associated with achieving a global emissions trajectory that is consistent with a climate. The shifts generated by CoP21 place...