Appropriation possibilities significantly alter economic fundamentals in a production and exchange economy. This is the primary lesson of our model, which combines Ricardian trade and the potential for predator/prey behavior. The model shows how conflict can be subdued by mutual gains from...

Although conflict economics has expanded its interest post-Cold War violence, our theme is that conflict potential weaves itself into the decision of consumers, producers, and traders in ways that economists have essentially ignored. This is the lesson of our literature review and of our model,...

Grossman and Kim's (1996) predator-prey model predicts as the effectiveness of offense against defense increases, the equilibrium level of appropriation will vary from zero to full to partial predation. We test the prediction using a repeated single-play protocol with eight decision periods. The...