energy productivity and overall productivity in the American economy in the 1920s. This view was challenged by Nicholas and … Moser (2004) based on patent statistics. We argue that other methods are required for studying productivity effects and … propose cointegration analyses. We demonstrate a clear impact from electrification on energy productivity in those broad …

effect of the agreement in spurring a dramatic increase in trade and financial flows between Mexico and its NAFTA partners … regional free trade arrangements should be used to accelerate, rather than postpone, needed structural reform. …

of growth and poverty reduction. Trade openness has important positive spillovers on other aspects of reform, however, so …This survey of the recent literature asks: how important is trade policy for poverty reduction? We consider the effects …-level research, and case studies) supports the view that trade openness contributes greatly to growth. Moreover, trade openness does …

, providing useful tailwinds to their recovery process? This study investigates the potential relevance of growth spillovers in … Japan remain the key source of growth spillovers in this recovery, with France also playing an important role for the … spillovers compared to other systemic countries, but likely plays a key role in transmitting and amplifying external growth …

This paper estimates the effects of trade liberalization on plant productivity. In contrast to previous studies, we … distinguish between productivity gains arising from lower tariffs on final goods relative to lower tariffs on intermediate inputs …. Lower output tariffs can produce productivity gains by inducing tougher import competition whereas cheaper imported inputs …