This empirical study examines the effects of terms-of-trade (TOT) volatility on inflation in Pakistan, using annual data for the period 1972 to 2012. The results show that TOT volatility has a significant negative effect on inflation in Pakistan. This result is robust to alternative equation...

This study investigates the empirical relationship between spot and forward exchange rate efficiency with reference to Pakistan and the efficiency of its foreign exchange market. We use monthly data from the State Bank of Pakistan and KIBOR rates for the period July 2006 to December 2013. Our...

This study investigates the impact of domestic and foreign currency-valued exchange rate volatility on the export and import demand functions with reference to Pakistan’s trading partners. We use GARCH-based exchange rate volatilities and the least-squares dummy variable technique with...