Definitions of fragility are focused at the level of the state, but this should not be considered to suggest that … individuals with heterogeneous endowments experience a state of fragility in the same way. Nor does it suggest that all subregions … of a fragile country exist in this state. In turn, experience of fragility varies not just at national level but also …

How do real interest rates affect financial fragility? We study this issue in a model in which bank borrowing is … borrowing, both of which influence bank fragility in opposite directions. Thus, the marginal impact of changes to the interest … rate on bank fragility depends on the level of the interest rate. Finally, we derive testable implications that may guide …

The objective of this paper is to focus on fragility research findings and examine what works or does not work in …

funds from the original lender can access funds from other sources, what we call ‘fragility’. For conditionality to work it … fragility is not a major issue conditional on investment contracts are optimal. In contrast, when fragility is a major concern … then conditional on repayment contracts are optimal as they reduce the likelihood of those states where fragility becomes …

.Our procedures, illustrated with four example, permit keen insights into the fragility of inferences to specific shocks, such as …

analysis of large-scale violent conflict with other forms of violence, instability, fragility, and humanitarian crises. …

We propose a model of asset encumbrance by banks subject to rollover risk and study the consequences for fragility … investment funded by cheap long-term secured debt against the cost of greater fragility due to unsecured debt runs. We derive … induce excessive encumbrance and exacerbate fragility. We show how regulations such as explicit limits on encumbrance ratios …

We explore the micro-foundations of fragility by discussing how to measure the exposure to fragility at the individual … level. We focus on two notions that are not covered by existing aggregate, state-centric indicators of fragility. First …, different individuals may experience fragility very differently. Second, even though a country as a whole may not be "fragile …