It is regularly stated that political fragmentation has negative effects on reforms leading to delays or even blockades … support this hypothesis. In fact, only few theoretical models concentrate on the impact of fragmentation and empirical … findings on the issue are ambiguous. Disentangling the effect is intricate: The definition of fragmentation has various …

fragmentation has had a marked impact on wages. Distinguishing three skill categories we find evidence that outsourcing reduced the … fragmentation. …

concerning what debris fragmentation models are, their fundamentals, their weaknesses and strengths. The research provides …

argue that the rise of IT trade must be understood within the context o increasing vertical fragmentation of production … fragmentation. We apply a panel cointegration approach that allows for heterogeneity in short-run dynamics and in fixed effects …. Consistent with production fragmentation, we find that the evolution of IT trade can be explained in part by traditional income …