International economic sanctions have become increasingly important as alternatives to military conflict since the end … success of sanctions depends on conflict expectations and levels of commitment. Many sanctions strategies end at the threat …

Peace economics can be defined as the use of economics to understand the causes and effects of violent conflict in the … international system and the ways that conflict can be avoided, managed, or resolved. This chapter surveys major subject areas of … peace studies; data sources and trends for interstate, intrastate, and extra-state conflict; the costs of conflict; the …

theory (EH). In EH, we retained the rationality principle but modified the players' utilities by defining them as functions …, without violating the rationality principle nor adding free parameters, indicate that the role of benevolent sentiments in …