What is a technologically advanced economy? We propose some theoretical elements showing how heterogeneity in the firms' innovation behaviours can be analysed and exploited in order to assess the technological performance of the economy. Three empirical applications using French data are derived...

We estimate a conditional convergence equation derived from an augmented Solow model where human capital is defined as skilled labour. We implement Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimators on a panel of countries. Estimation is carried out on the model in levels instrumented by the lagged...

Exploring the economic consequences of demographic changes is often carried out within simple accounting frameworks. Such approaches consist of projecting the impact of ageing on social security expenditures under exogenous assumptions about economic growth, productivity, wages and employment....

In France, the number of years of schooling is high, and so is spending on education. Over the past thirty years, spending per student has increased, in particular because of the growing importance of the secondary and tertiary levels. What, more generally, is the impact of education on the...