This paper critically evaluates the recent shift away from a “thin” reading of monetary exchange, which views money transactions as universally market-like and profit-motivated, towards “thicker” readings of exchange, which identify the permeation of wider economic relations and...

1. Introduction to formalizing the informal economy using an e-government approach -- 2. Theorizing an e-government approach towards formalizing the informal economy -- 3. E-government tools to formalize the informal economy -- 4. Conclusions: a future roadmap for the transition to formality...

To evaluate the prevalence in Eastern Europe of a little discussed illegitimate wage practice in which employers pay their formal employees both a declared wage and an undeclared ‘envelope wage’, an extensive survey involving 10,671 face-to-face interviews in eleven post-socialist societies...