Companies face an expanding set of choices about where to locate their innovation activity, both within their home countries and abroad. This location choice also requires firms to make a simultaneous choice about the organizational structure of innovation activity : almost by definition,...

This study builds a typology of organizational knowledge in business services and empirically examines the effects of knowledge on innovation performance. We suggest that firms differ with respect to their knowledge creation approaches and that these approaches have implications for firm...

This empirical study examines small firms strategies towards appropriating the returns to their investments in innovation and finds that they are qualitatively different from those found in earlier studies of more generally representative samples of firms. First, few of the smallest firms appear...

Tacit knowledge and cumulative learning underlie an evolutionary theory of business firm development and strategy. As one test case of the theory, this study examines firms' applied research and development activities. Evolutionary theory suggests that firms within an industry will tend both to...

This empirical study examines knowledge creation activities in business service firms. Using survey data of 167 Finnish knowledge-intensive business service firms, I explore hypotheses about the organization of learning and innovation. Results from an exploratory factor analysis combined with...

Tournaments are widely used in the economy to organize production and innovation. We study individual data on 2,775 contestants in 755 software algorithm development contests with random assignment. The performance response to added contestants varies non-monotonically across contestants of...