Timing of optimal reproduction can be affected by the presence of multiple broods, with multi-brooded species breeding earlier (and later) than the optimal timing of breeding as compared with single-brooded species that only need to optimize the timing of a single brood. Approximately two-thirds...

Previous studies have shown no significant effect of experimental tail length manipulation in female barn swallows (Hirundo rustica) at the beginning of a breeding season on reproductive success or behavior during that breeding season. In the present study, we investigate if tail length...