This paper explores how malapportionment affects the way Brazilian federal government allocates its resources to subnational units. Specifically, we argue that over-represented subnational units receive more per capita in discretionary federal spending because the executive seeks its legislative...

This paper explores how malapportionment affects the way Brazilian federal government allocates its resources to subnational units. Specifically, we argue that over-represented subnational units receive more per capita in discretionary federal spending because the executive seeks its legislative...

This paper offers a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the effects of malapportionment on partisan bias, that is, the uneven distribution of legislative seats among parties for votes received. Specifically, it examines such effect in the Brazilian Lower Chamber from 1994 to 2010. First, we...