We propose a set of necessary and sufficient conditions for the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) phenomenon in a general model that permits non-smooth preferences and feasible sets and corner solutions for welfare maximisation. These conditions pertain to the relationship between the sets of...

We propose a model of fossil-fuel induced emission, which permits multiple emission-mitigation strategies. In a dierentiable framework, we derive a set of necessary and sucient conditions for an environmental Kuznets curve in terms of the relative responses of the preference and technology-based...