people at the lower end of income distribution will graduate into the middle class category. The increase in poverty rates …

We examine vulnerability to poverty in Tajikistan during the global financial crisis, focusing on the roles played by … to estimate a Markov transition probability matrix with the aim of identifying the vulnerability of households to poverty …. Importantly, by introducing the index of vulnerability as the weighted probability of a household falling into poverty over a …

We examine vulnerability to poverty in Tajikistan during the global financial crisis, focusing on the roles played by … to estimate a Markov transition probability matrix with the aim of identifying the vulnerability of households to poverty …. Importantly, by introducing the index of vulnerability as the weighted probability of a household falling into poverty over a …

fairness principles, namely equality of opportunity and freedom from poverty, into a joint measure of unfair inequality. Two … inequality. Second, average unfair inequality doubles when complementing the ideal of an equal opportunity society with poverty …