Since 1989 and the regionalization of public transports in Belgium, the Société des transports intercommunaux de Bruxelles (STIB), i.e. the public operator of urban transport in Brussels, has undergone many changes, both structural and organizational. Meanwhile, the company has managed to...

Since 1989 and the regionalization of public transports in Belgium, the Société des transports intercommunaux de Bruxelles (STIB), i.e. the public operator of urban transport in Brussels, has undergone many changes, both structural and organizational. Meanwhile, the company has managed to...

Traditionally, in the city of Milan, energy services were supplied by the AEM, the in-house energy enterprise that was established in 1910. While being part of Milan' city administration, the AEM was an example of efficient management and dynamic entrepreneurship in the public sector. Since the...

From 1985 until 2009, water distribution service has been delegated to private operators in Paris. Starting from 2001, a progressive process of re-publicisation (in the sense of a reappropriation by the local authority of its role of organising authority) has been developed. It has led to the...

La Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec has been an important public enterprise for Quebec’s economic development since its creation in 1965. It has been described as an essential element in the economic strategy of modernization in this Canadian province. La Caisse is an interesting case...