Direct seeding of rice, a method that saves labor relative to the traditional laborintensive practice of transplanting, is spreading in tropical rice areas of Asia in response to rising scarcity of farm labor. The current paper, based on farm-level data, provides an updated analysis of the...

Farming in the rainfed lowlands of northwest Luzon, Philippines, is highly intensive, diversified, and commercialised. The cropping-system is predominantly rice-based in the wet season and high-value cash crops are grown during the dry season. Using panel data from 100 randomly selected farmers,...