Do environmental conditions pose greater health risks to individuals living in urban or rural areas? The answer is … theoretically ambiguous: while urban areas have traditionally been associated with heightened exposure to environmental pollutants …, the economies of scale and density inherent to urban environments offer unique opportunities for mitigating or adapting to …

terms of ensuring adequate infrastructure for a quality education or at least comparable to that in the urban area - clean …

is significant for females residing in urban India, those with higher levels of education, those residing in higher …

factors constrain access to safe drinking water and proper sanitation in India for both the urban and rural poor, and that … their own water and sanitation schemes, not just in rural areas but in urban ones as well. There are definite advantages to …

I studied the determinants of migration from urban Ethiopia to other countries, to rural areas and to other urban areas …

The paper is devoted to analytical investigation of the division of geographical space into urban and rural areas with …

surveys in selected cities of Metro Manila (urban) and Rosario, Batangas (rural), respectively. Key findings of this paper are … as follows: (1) Proportion of employed among PWD respondents in the urban area is relatively higher than that in the … rural area; (2) Roughly half of working PWDs are underemployed; (3) Employed PWDs in the urban area are dominated by the …