Foreign subsidiaries acting as "integrated competence centres" is an organizational design that improves the building of capabilities in multinational corporations. In this knowledge-creating process the headquarter uses a bottom-to-top strategy, where the initial competence-building starts in...

A common understanding in recent literature on the development of multinational corporations (MNCs) and headquarters-subsidiary relations is that some subsidiaries will have, or ought to have, a strategic role in the global organization that reaches beyond their local undertakings. This notion...

There has been a growing interest in looking upon the MNC as a differentiated network in the sense that subsidiaries have access to different types of resources and therefore perform differently in its market-place and within the MNC. Yet, even though subsidiaries are the object of intense...