Confidence intervals based on cluster-robust covariance matrices can be constructed in many ways. In addition to conventional intervals obtained by inverting Wald (t) tests, the paper studies intervals obtained by inverting LM tests, studentized bootstrap intervals based on the wild cluster...

In many, if not most, econometric applications, it is impossible to estimate consistently the elements of the white-noise process or processes that underlie the DGP. A common example is a regression model with heteroskedastic and/or autocorrelated disturbances,where the heteroskedasticity and...

Inference based on cluster-robust standard errors is known to fail when the number of clusters is small, and the wild cluster bootstrap fails dramatically when the number of treated clusters is very small. We propose a family of new procedures called the sub- cluster wild bootstrap. In the case...

We study a cluster-robust variance estimator (CRVE) for regression models with clustering in two dimensions that was proposed in Cameron, Gelback, and Miller (2011). We prove that this CRVE is consistent and yields valid inferences under precisely stated assumptions about moments and cluster...

We study asymptotic inference based on cluster-robust variance estimators for regression models with clustered errors, focusing on the wild cluster bootstrap and the ordinary wild bootstrap. We state conditions under which both asymptotic and bootstrap tests and confidence intervals will be...

The wild bootstrap was originally developed for regression models with heteroskedasticity of unknown form. Over the past thirty years, it has been extended to models estimated by instrumental variables and maximum likelihood, and to ones where the error terms are (perhaps multi-way) clustered....

We study asymptotic inference based on cluster-robust variance estimators for regression models with clustered errors, focusing on the wild cluster bootstrap and the ordinary wild bootstrap. We state conditions under which both asymptotic and bootstrap tests and confidence intervals will be...

Reliable inference with clustered data has received a great deal of attention in recent years. The overwhelming majority of this research assumes that the cluster structure is known. This assumption is very strong, because there are often several possible ways in which a dataset could be...

We propose a wild bootstrap procedure for linear regression models estimated by instrumental variables. Like other bootstrap procedures that we have proposed elsewhere, it uses efficient estimates of the reduced-form equation(s). Unlike them, it takes account of possible heteroskedasticity of...

We propose a wild bootstrap procedure for linear regression models estimated by instrumental variables. Like other bootstrap procedures that we have proposed elsewhere, it uses efficient estimates of the reduced-form equation(s). Unlike them, it takes account of possible heteroskedasticity of...