-as-you-go. -- Bismarck ; mining ; pay-as-you-go ; social security ; welfare state …

? -- Insurance ; implicit rates of return ; Knappschaft ; mining ; pay-as-you-go ; pensions ; Prussia ; welfare state … umlagefinanzierter Sozialversicherungssysteme. Im Mittelpunkt stehen dabei die Knappschaftsvereine Preußens, die Träger der bergbau …

By the mid-19th century, following the Prussian mining reform, German miners‘ combined mutual health and pension funds …. -- Competing risk ; financial distress ; insurance ; Knappschaft ; liquidation ; merger ; mining …

We analyze the rise and decline of the steel and mining industries in the regions of Saarland, Lorraine und Luxemburg …

This paper is about understanding the cycle of global copper price booms and busts over Zambia's economic history. We … explore how the mining industry has been managed, and wider economic management during boom periods. We find that successive … ringfence and prudently use the mineral revenues from copper mining in building productive capacities remains elusive. Instead …