Forschung & Entwicklung und Innovationen sind die Grundlage des modernen wirtschaftlichen Wachstums. Über den Außenhandel können Schwellenländer einerseits von Innovationen anderer Länder profitieren, andererseits besitzen sie aber in der Forschungstätigkeit selbst einen komparativen...

In this paper, we investigate the external effects of the parent's decisions on the number of newly born children and the firm's decisions on the amount of polluting emissions that occur in industrial production. We employ an optimal control model which comprises three stock variables...

Population growth is often viewed as a most oppressive global problem with respect to environmental deterioration, but the relationships between population development, economic dynamics and environmental pollution are complex due to various feedback mechanisms. We analyze society’s economic...