The central bank's balance sheet has become the main instrument of monetary policy in the aftermath of the GFC and the COVID-19 health crisis. Hence, the aim of this paper is to analyze changes in the balance sheets' sizes and channels of base money creation in groups of countries, taking note...

Modern Monetary Theory (MMT) is part of post-Keynesian economics that summarize the money creation process as "loans create deposits" (banks) and "deposits create reserves" (central bank). MMT is distinguished from other approaches to macroeconomics because it synthesizes several traditions from...