This paper explores the impact of contactless payment on consumers' demand for cash at an early stage of diffusion. The … unobserved heterogeneity in cash usage. The results show that contactless credit and debit cards exert no statistically … significant effect on cash usage after controlling for unobserved heterogeneity. Consumers' decision to use contactless payment is …

(CBDC) in the euro area and proposes a possible design of a digital euro that allows for instant offline payments. Cash … regulations and supply-side restrictions by commercial banks. Nonetheless, overall demand for euro cash remained strong and even … consumer perspective, the digital euro will rather co-circulate with cash than replace it in transactions. …

's monetary policies, but also from the ECB's monetary policies and the behavior of the other euro area countries' people …'s financial priorities, since Greece is a euro area country …