The objective of the paper is to explore and give an overview of two central policy alternatives to improve the integration between the European Union and developing countries by removing barriers to trade: trade preferences and trade facilitation. After reviewing the relevant literatures and...

Forschung & Entwicklung und Innovationen sind die Grundlage des modernen wirtschaftlichen Wachstums. Über den Außenhandel können Schwellenländer einerseits von Innovationen anderer Länder profitieren, andererseits besitzen sie aber in der Forschungstätigkeit selbst einen komparativen...

We review recent research linking international trade to the environment, with a focus on new results and methods. The review is given structure by a novel decomposition linking changes in emissions to changes in productive activity at the plant, firm, industry, and national levels. While some...