Introductory economics tells us there are three factors of production: land, labour and capital. Unless a student of agricultural economics, land as a factor of production will never be mentioned again. Yet space for some industries is a significant input and that would seem to be true of...

We examine a deregulation of German pharmacists to assess its effects on retail and labor markets. Our theoretical model suggests that firms with high managerial efficiency open more stores per firm and have higher labor demand due to the reform. We find a sharp persistent increase in entry...

We combine spatial and monopolistic competition to study market interactions between downtown retailers and an outlying shopping mall. Consumers shop at either marketplace or at both, and buy each variety in volume. The market solution stems from the interplay between the market expansion...

This paper addresses the relationship between productivity in the retail sector and market size. In the paper, the systematic variations between central and non-central retail markets, as well as the systematic variations across different types of retailing activities are investigated. The...

This paper investigates the geography of cross-border shopping along the border between Norway and Sweden. Border regions and cross-border shopping have become a subject of considerable interest in the ongoing process of integration in the European union. A result of this transformation process,...

Not in the Shopping Cart -On the experiential aspects of retail shopping centers It is not hard to imagine that consumers value not only what they have bought in a store and can take home with them, but also the experience that was entailed in the actual purchase. The aim of the study is to...