This paper is the first to assess operational and probabilistic externalities of oil extraction and transportation to … Europe on the basis of a comprehensive evaluation of realistic future oil demand-supply scenarios, of the relative relevance … routes. The resulting externalities appear reasonable both under the assumption of high future demand and under low demand …

externalities that are beyond the control of regional authorities. Specifically, a spatial autoregressive term is included as an … interregional spillovers into the production process.Our findings show that geographical externalities affect both the frontier … differential effect of interregional spillovers depending on the economic size of the neighbors: positive externalities for small …

This paper is the first to assess operational and probabilistic externalities of oil extraction and transportation to … Europe on the basis of a comprehensive evaluation of realistic future oil demand-supply scenarios, of the relative relevance … routes. The resulting externalities appear reasonable both under the assumption of high future demand and under low demand …