This paper explores the impact of the terms of trade on output fluctuations in. - Colombia, a developing country where as much as 62% of export earnings come. - from just four commodities: oil (42%), coal (14%), coffee (5%), and nickel (1%). This. - research was prompted by: the particular role...

In modern intensive care physiological variables of the critically ill can be reported online by clinical information systems. Intelligent alarm systems are needed for a suitable bedside decision support. The existing alarm systems based on fixed treshholds produce a great number of false...

In many fields of applied statistics samples from several locations in an investigation area are taken repeatedly over time. Especially in environmental monitoring the chemical and physical conditions in water, air and soil are measured using fixed and possibly mobile monitoring stations. The...

Objectives: Time series analysis techniques facilitate statistical analysis of variables in the course of time. Continuous monitoring of the critically ill in intensive care offers an especially wide range of applications. In an open clinical study time series analysis was applied to the...

Noisy observations form the basis for almost every scientific research and especially in environmental monitoring. The Noise is often an effect of imprecise instruments which cause measurement errors. If the noise variance is known it is possible to filter out the contaminating noise from the...