Hofstede's Culture's Consequences (1980) found out four dimensions of culture from the survey of IBM. To inquire into the cultural features of Japanese companies (three leading companies of the computer industry) and 13 subsidiaries of nine countries, we adopted the uncertainty avoidance index...

The failure of Japan National Railways (JNR) was caused by some factors, that is the competitive disadvantage in transportation, the increased high labor costs, the financial failure, and so on. In this paper, we focus on the financing schemes to construct railroads that brought on JNR's...

There is a difference between Japanese pharmaceutical companies and Merck in the research and development style. The difference between both can be simplified down to the existence of the gatekeeper managers. The innovation research was based on the implicit premise that the gatekeeper had some...

Hofstede's Culture's Consequences (1980) found out four dimensions of culture from the survey of IBM. To inquire into the cultural features of Japanese companies (three leading companies of the computer industry) and 13 subsidiaries of nine countries, we adopted the uncertainty avoidance index...

In the years from 1967 to 1973, Hofstede collected about 70,000 questionnaires from 40 subsidiaries of IBM, and compared cultures between 40 nations. He examined the data set of IBM and found four dimensions of national culture such as power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism, and...

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the emerging process of organizations by using agent-based simulation. The agent-based simulation is one of the representative methods of complexity research and recently used to learn from local problems and to devise a global solution. We develop an...

Though the business evaluation had been introduced in NPOs, it was accompanied by the performance measurement difficulty proper for service. Then, this paper tries the organizational assessment of NPOs. The Nippon Foundation has been consciously evaluating (1) characteristics of the group and...