What level of household income is required so that a household member will have the same level of consumption as when living alone? The answer to this question depends on the extent to which household income is directed towards the consumption needs of the particular person, together with the...

The central message of this paper is that child poverty is much more complicated than just looking at income levels. In determining how a child's needs are met, it is important to consider how resources are shared and used within a household, the value of other services provided (eg child care,...

This paper uses the 'adult goods' method to estimate the full costs of children. Full costs include both expenditure and time costs. Adult personal time (comprising pure leisure, sleep and other personal care) is used as the adult good. Previous research has shown that the presence of children...