The Alkire and Foster (2011) methodology, as the mainstream approach to the measurement of multi-dimensional poverty in the developing world, is insensitive to inequality among the multidimensionally poor individuals and does not consider simultaneously the concepts of efficiency and...

This paper proposes new measures and graphical representations of the change in bi-polarization and in the relative importance of the middle class that took place in a given country during a given period. These tools extend, in fact, the concepts of inter-distribution income inequality and...

Social polarization refers to the measurement of the distance between different social groups, defined on the basis of variables such as race, religion, or ethnicity. We propose two approaches to measuring social polarization in the case where the distance between groups is based on an ordinal...

This paper takes a close look at material deprivation in 27 European Union countries. Its main goal is to explore which expenditures individuals/households curtail first when facing economic difficulties. Two methodologies are applied: item response theory, a psychometric method also known as...

Two new normative indices of mobility are proposed. The first one is a population weighted generalized Gini mobility index and will be higher, the higher the size of the transfer between two individuals and, for a given transfer, the higher the rank difference between the individuals between...