We model firms' choice between bank loans and publicly traded debt, allowing for debt-renegotiation in the event of financial distress. Entrepreneurs, with private information about their probability of financial distress, borrow from banks (multi-period players) or issue bonds to implement...

We analyze firms' choice between exchanges to list their equity (including multiple listings), and exchanges' choice of listing standards for firms which apply for listing, in an environment of competition and co-operation among exchanges. We model an equity market characterized by asymmetric...

We address the question: At what stage in its life should a firm go public, rather than undertake its projects using private equity financing? In our model, a firm may raise external financing either by placing shares privately with a risk-averse venture capitalist, or by selling shares in an...