Anecdotal evidence that the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) influences the lending behavior of financial institutions has not been uniformly supported by empirical research. We revisit this issue by evaluating changes in low-income mortgage lending at commercial banks over the 1992-96 period....

Cross-country integration of banking in Europe typically has been analyzed from the perspective of particular markets for financial products. We extend this research to consider the potential effects of market integration on the portfolio choices and financial structure of banks in seven...

The Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) encourages banks and savings and loan associations to meet the credit needs of local communities. Controversies surrounding implementation of the CRA, however, have challenged its effectiveness as a tool for increasing loan activity. To determine whether the...