wages began falling relative to what would have been predicted based on patterns of bargaining in earlier years. In Canada …The author analyzes nominal and real wage changes in unionized manufacturing firms in Canada and the United States over … United States than in Canada. Real wage determination changed little in the United States before 1986, at which point real …

We study the short-term trajectories of employment, hours worked, and real wages of immigrants in Canada and the U … growth in employment and wages in the U.S. than in Canada. We further compare longitudinal and cross-sectional trajectories … average immigrant men in Canada do not experience any relative growth in these three outcomes compared to men born in Canada …