Global trajectories for reducing carbon emissions depend on the local adoption of alternatives to conventional energy sources, technologies, and urban development. Yet, decisions on which type of capital investments to make, made by local governments as part of the normal budget cycle, typically...

City planning deals with designing and managing institutions that affect the future quality of urban places. The research reported in this article is on the evolution of urban planning in Madrid from 1857 to 1995. In Madrid, important aspects of planning have changed over this period, while...

1. The new metropolis : rethinking megalopolis / Robert Lang and Paul K. Knox -- 2. Looking backward, looking forward : the city region of the mid-21st century / Peter Hall -- 3. The 21st-century metropolis : new geographies of theory / Ananya Roy -- 4. City regions and place development / Patsy...