Border and interior enforcement, legal penalties, and the market for smugglers distinguish undocumented migration from legal migration and introduce a number of challenges for migrants, employers, law enforcement, and policymakers. This chapter reviews the theoretical models and empirical...

This issue of the HEO report contains the following articles: Determinants of Higher Poverty Among Hispanics by Pia Orrenius, Madeline Zavodny and Yingda Bi; Health and Health Habits among Mexicans Immigrants to the United States: A Time Use Perspective by Andres J. Vargas; State Level...

The proportion female in the economics profession in the U.S. has been low historically compared with other disciplines. Although the percentage of Ph.D. degrees awarded to women and the representation of women on faculties have increased over time, economics still lags many other fields....

This study examines how minimum wage laws affect the employment and earnings of low-skilled immigrants and natives in the United States. Minimum wage increases might have larger effects among low-skilled immigrants than among natives because, on average, immigrants earn less than natives due to...

We review the existing literature about the effects of the Medicaid program. We first describe the program's structure and how it has changed over time. We then discuss findings on coverage, crowd out, take-up and health. Finally, we look at effects of the program on non-health outcomes such as...

A large literature has documented relationships between state clean indoor air laws (SCIALs) and smoking-related outcomes in the US. These laws vary within states over time and across venues such as schools, government buildings, and bars. Few studies, however, have evaluated whether the effects...

The United States receives more immigrants than any other country. Most of those immigrants are admitted under policies that were created decades ago, although a sizable share enters illegally. This article provides an overview of trends in immigration to the United States. It summarizes the...