The labor-managed Mondragon cooperatives in the Basque country, and La Lega coops concentrated in North Central Italy, are grouped into leagues that enable them to reap economies of scale in key services such as R&D, marketing and finance. These leagues are relatively rare and there are fewer...

We study the formation of multilayer networks where payoffs are determined by the degrees in each network and explore distinct network relationships by allowing for inter-network and intra-network spillovers through five properties: supermodularity and submodularity for internetwork spillovers,...