This study examines the relationship between behavior during pregnancy, birth outcomes and early childhood development. Specifically, in the context of four measures of maternal behavior during pregnancy (maternal smoking, drinking, prenatal care, and maternal weight gain), three measures of...

This paper presents a new model of the birth process of Native Americans with seven endogenous variables: four birth inputs maternal smoking (S), drinking (D), prenatal care (PC), and weight gain (WG), and three birth outputs gestational age (G), birth length (BL), and birth weight (BW). The...