The goal of this paper is to present a formal model of firm innovation that simultaneously analyzes innovation factors … serves here as an input measure of firm innovation. R&D intensity can be defined as a ratio of firm's R&D spending to the … an elasticity-based model of firm innovation. Further, within the model framework, it is shown how horizontal R …

of the contributions of different innovation linkages to innovation deserves more attention. Are the different innovation … linkages equally complementary to research inputs in fostering innovation? This paper addresses the contributions of different … innovation linkages to innovation, across two different measures of innovation. We find that a broader index of innovation …