On the basis of a hypothesis of probabilistic migration models i.e. that informal sector employment is a temporary staging post for new migrants on their way to formal sector employment, it is argued that there are no conclusive tests of this hypothesis in the empirical migration literature....

This paper examines gender differentials in earnings in Macedonia, with special emphasis on the role of occupational segregation. The lower earnings of women in Macedonia cannot be explained by gender differences in measured human capital endowments. There is a high degree of segregation of jobs...